Microsoft 365 Fundamentals Practice Test (MS-900)

Utilizing a public cloud service is the best solution because it allows the company to avoid large upfront capital expenditures associated with purchasing and maintaining hardware. Public cloud services operate on a pay-as-you-go model, converting capital expenses (CapEx) into operational expenses (OpEx), and provide scalability and flexibility to adjust resources as needed.

Building a private cloud infrastructure or maintaining an on-premises data center would require significant upfront investment in hardware and ongoing maintenance costs.

Implementing a hybrid cloud model still involves managing some on-premises resources, which may not fully address the company's desire to minimize upfront costs.

Reports in the Microsoft 365 Admin Center offers administrators comprehensive reports on user activities across various Microsoft 365 services, such as Exchange Online for email, OneDrive for cloud storage, and Microsoft Teams for collaboration. These reports help in analyzing usage patterns and making informed decisions to improve productivity.

The Security Dashboard n the Security & Compliance Center focuses on security-related insights and threat management, not general usage statistics.

Azure Active Directory Access Reviews are used for reviewing user access permissions but do not provide activity reports.

The Microsoft 365 Service Health Dashboard shows the health status of Microsoft services but doesn't offer user activity data.

Implement staged rollouts by grouping devices into different update phases - Staged rollouts involve deploying updates to different sets of users or devices in phases, allowing IT to monitor for issues in each phase before proceeding to the next group. This approach reduces the risk of widespread issues and enables quick identification and resolution of potential problems before they affect the entire organization.

Update all devices simultaneously to maintain uniformity - Updating all devices simultaneously may seem efficient, but it increases the risk of widespread issues if an update has unexpected bugs or compatibility problems. This approach is not recommended for large enterprises due to the higher risk of impacting many users at once.

Turn off automatic updates and rely on manual installations - Disabling automatic updates and relying on manual installations would significantly delay updates and increase administrative effort. It may also leave devices vulnerable to security threats due to inconsistent or delayed patching.

Postpone updates to avoid potential problems - Postponing updates might temporarily reduce risks but can lead to security vulnerabilities and compliance issues. Progressive, staged deployment is a better way to mitigate risks without compromising security.

Windows Autopilot enables organizations to deliver new devices directly to employees, where devices are automatically configured with company settings and applications during the initial startup. This reduces the need for IT to prepare each device manually.

Microsoft Intune manages device policies and applications, Windows Autopilot specifically focuses on automating the deployment and configuration of new devices during the out-of-box experience.

Configuration Manager is an on-premises solution that requires more manual setup

Endpoint Analytics provides insights into device performance but doesn't automate deployment.

Microsoft Viva Insights offers organizations and employees personalized, data-driven insights to improve productivity and well-being. It analyzes work patterns to help individuals balance collaboration and focused work, promoting better work-life balance while ensuring privacy is protected. Microsoft Power BI is a business analytics tool for data visualization but does not provide personalized productivity recommendations. Microsoft Planner is a task management application, and Microsoft Teams Analytics provides usage metrics without focusing on employee well-being or personalized insights.

Public cloud services allow organizations to access computing resources over the internet on a subscription or pay-as-you-go basis, eliminating the need for significant upfront capital expenditure on hardware. They offer high scalability and flexibility, enabling businesses to adjust resources according to demand. On-premises infrastructure requires substantial initial investment and does not offer the same level of scalability without additional hardware purchases. Private cloud infrastructure, while offering some benefits of cloud computing, still requires significant capital investment to build and maintain. Hybrid cloud deployments combine on-premises and cloud services, but still involve managing and investing in local infrastructure.

Add-on licenses in Microsoft 365 enable organizations to augment their current base licenses with extra features or services. This allows for flexibility and scalability, as companies can customize their subscriptions based on specific needs without purchasing entirely new base licenses.

Using group-based licensing in Azure Active Directory allows administrators to automatically assign licenses to all members of a group. By organizing users into groups corresponding to their departments, licenses are assigned efficiently whenever users join or leave a group. Assigning licenses individually through the Microsoft 365 admin center is time-consuming and not practical for large numbers of users. Creating a PowerShell script requires manual maintenance and does not provide real-time updates as users change departments. Microsoft Support does not handle internal license assignments within an organization.

Conditional Access Policies enable organizations to enforce access controls based on defined conditions like location, device compliance, or sign-in risk. By implementing Conditional Access, the organization can require additional verification steps, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA), only when users sign in under certain conditions (e.g., from outside trusted locations or on unmanaged devices). This approach strengthens security without imposing extra steps on all sign-ins.

Enabling Multi-factor Authentication universally would require users to complete MFA at every sign-in, regardless of context, which might be inconvenient for users on secured networks. Self-Service Password Reset allows users to reset their passwords without administrator assistance but doesn't adjust sign-in requirements based on conditions. Role-Based Access Control manages access permissions based on user roles but doesn't modify authentication processes based on sign-in scenarios.

Windows 365 is the appropriate choice because it delivers cloud-based PCs that are easy to deploy and manage, with Microsoft handling the infrastructure. This minimizes management complexity and allows for scalable deployment to remote employees. Azure Virtual Desktop, while offering flexible virtualization, requires you to manage the underlying infrastructure, adding complexity. Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager is for managing devices and applications on-premises and doesn't provide cloud-hosted desktops. Remote Desktop Services also requires significant infrastructure management and isn't as streamlined for cloud-based deployments.

The Cloud Solution Provider (CSP) program allows organizations to purchase Microsoft 365 subscriptions through a Microsoft partner. This option provides the benefit of customized solutions, personalized support, and flexible billing from the partner. The Enterprise Agreement is suitable for large organizations committing to volume licensing. Direct Subscription involves buying directly from Microsoft without partner involvement. The Microsoft Store for Business is a platform for managing applications and software purchases, not specifically for customized partner services.

Microsoft Entra ID is the identity and access management service for Microsoft 365, responsible for handling user authentication and authorization. It provides features like single sign-on, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and conditional access, helping secure identities and access to resources. Microsoft Endpoint Manager focuses on device management, Microsoft SharePoint is for document management and collaboration, and Microsoft Power BI is a business analytics service.

Microsoft Secure Score provides a quantifiable measurement of an organization's security posture within Microsoft 365. It assesses current security settings and practices, and offers actionable recommendations to enhance security. By following these recommendations, organizations can increase their score and improve their overall security posture.

The other options, while contributing to security in specific areas, do not provide a comprehensive, quantifiable measurement across Microsoft 365 services.

Microsoft Entra ID is the identity and access management service for Microsoft 365 that provides features such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Privileged Identity Management (PIM). RBAC allows the organization to assign permissions to users based on their roles, ensuring they have appropriate access levels. PIM enables the management and monitoring of privileged accounts, adding an extra layer of security for sensitive resources. Microsoft Defender for Identity is focused on identifying threats and malicious activities related to identities but doesn't provide identity management features. Microsoft Endpoint Manager is used for device and application management, not for managing user identities or access policies. Microsoft Purview offers compliance and data governance solutions. Therefore, Microsoft Entra ID is the correct service to implement for identity and access management, including RBAC and PIM.

Conditional Access allows administrators to create policies that assess various signals like user location, device compliance, and sign-in risk to make decisions about granting or blocking access to resources. Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) enhances security by requiring additional verification steps but does not evaluate signals to make access decisions. Identity Protection provides risk detection and remediation but does not enforce policies based on conditions. Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) empowers users to reset their passwords without IT assistance but does not control access based on evaluated signals.