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Virtual Machine Extensions enable you to add features and configurations to an already deployed Azure virtual machine. They allow you to install software, run scripts, and perform management tasks directly on the VM. Resource Groups are used for organizing resources, Availability Sets are for managing VM availability, and Network Security Groups control network traffic. These do not provide the capability to add functionalities to a VM post-deployment.

The User Principal Name (UPN) is the property in Azure Entra ID that uniquely identifies a user for authentication and is typically in the format of an email address (e.g., [email protected]). Configuring the UPN allows users to sign in using this identifier. Other properties like Object ID, Employee ID, and Display Name are not used as sign-in identifiers.

Using group-based license assignment in Azure Entra ID allows administrators to assign licenses to security groups. When licenses are assigned to groups, Azure Entra ID automatically manages the license assignments to the members of the group, ensuring that each user receives the appropriate licenses without duplicates. This is especially efficient when users belong to multiple groups, as Azure Entra ID prevents duplicate license assignments and helps maintain compliance with license quotas. Assigning licenses directly to users or using scripts can be time-consuming and error-prone, particularly in dynamic environments. Creating a custom role does not address the need for efficient license assignment.

Creating a new cloud-based user with a username and password allows you to set up an account without requiring an existing email address. The user will receive a unique User Principal Name (UPN) and can sign in using the credentials you provide. Inviting a guest user requires an email address to send the invitation. Using synchronization tools to sync an account from on-premises is not applicable since there is no on-premises account to synchronize. Creating an application registration is intended for application identities, not individual user accounts.

Azure Network Watcher Connection Monitor provides end-to-end monitoring of connectivity between Azure and on-premises resources. It enables you to analyze communication, measure latency, and diagnose issues, making it the appropriate tool for troubleshooting connectivity problems in a hybrid environment.

Azure Monitor Metrics collects and visualizes numerical data from Azure resources but does not specifically monitor communication between on-premises and Azure.

Azure Advisor offers recommendations to optimize Azure deployments but does not assist in monitoring network connectivity.

Azure Log Analytics collects and analyzes log data but does not actively monitor real-time communication between on-premises networks and Azure resources.

Resource Locks in Azure allow administrators to apply a lock at the subscription, resource group, or resource level to prevent accidental changes or deletion. This is essential for protecting critical resources from unintended modifications. Azure Policies enforce compliance rules on resources but do not prevent deletion or modification. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) manages user access to resources but does not stop authorized users from modifying or deleting resources they have permissions for. Azure Blueprints are used to deploy and manage resource templates at scale but do not provide locking functionality.

To allow Contoso Ltd to manage the encryption keys for 'contosodata', you should configure the storage account to use a key from 'contosokeyvault' for encryption. This sets up customer-managed keys (CMK) using Azure Key Vault, giving the company full control over the keys used for encryption at rest. Enabling Infrastructure Encryption provides additional encryption but still uses Microsoft-managed keys. Client-side encryption is managed by the client application and does not change the encryption settings of the storage account. Default encryption on Azure storage accounts cannot be disabled.

The first step is to create a Log Analytics workspace in your Azure subscription. A Log Analytics workspace serves as the central repository where Azure Monitor Logs stores collected data. Without it, there is nowhere to store or analyze the logs collected from the virtual machines. While installing the Azure Monitor agent on the virtual machines is necessary for data collection, the agent must be configured to send data to an existing Log Analytics workspace. Enabling diagnostic settings or configuring an Azure Storage account are not initial steps for collecting logs into Azure Monitor Logs; they are either subsequent steps or used for different purposes.

Metrics Explorer in Azure Monitor is designed for visualizing and analyzing time-series data collected from Azure resources, such as processor utilization of a virtual machine. It allows you to plot performance data over a specified time range, helping you identify trends and spikes in usage. Log Analytics is used for querying and analyzing log data, Application Insights monitors application performance, and Azure Advisor provides recommendations for optimizing your Azure resources.

To integrate Azure alerts with a custom monitoring system, you should use the Webhook action type in your action group. Webhooks allow you to send HTTP POST requests to an external endpoint when an alert is triggered, which is suitable for notifying custom systems.

The other options are not appropriate:

• Logic App action is used to trigger an Azure Logic App workflow.
• Automation Runbook action is for starting an Azure Automation runbook.
• Email/SMS action sends notifications via email or SMS, which are not suitable for integrating with a custom system programmatically.

Integrating the storage account with Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) allows the company to assign permissions to users through role-based access control (RBAC) without sharing access keys. This enhances security by managing permissions centrally and reduces the risk associated with key distribution. Using Shared Access Signatures involves generating tokens that could be misused if shared improperly. Distributing access keys compromises the security of the entire storage account, and connection strings do not provide a method for assigning user-specific permissions.

Exporting the deployment as an Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template captures the configuration of your resources in a JSON file. This template can be used to redeploy the resources consistently, aiding in automation and repeatability.

The most efficient method is to use the bulk create users feature in Azure Entra ID. This feature allows the administrator to import multiple users at once by uploading a CSV file. Manually creating users through the portal is impractical for a large number of accounts. While a PowerShell script could automate the process, it requires scripting knowledge and additional time to develop and test. Syncing from an on-premises Entra ID is not applicable if the users are not present there.

The Azure CLI is a cross-platform command-line tool that runs on Windows, Linux, or macOS, making it ideal for integrating into CI/CD pipelines regardless of the operating system. Using the 'az deployment group create' command, administrators can deploy ARM templates and supply parameters as needed. While Azure PowerShell can deploy templates, it relies on PowerShell, which may require additional setup on non-Windows systems. Azure Cloud Shell is a browser-based shell, which is not as suitable for automated scripted deployments. The Azure Portal is a graphical user interface and doesn't meet the requirement of using a script in a CI/CD pipeline.

An Azure Recovery Services Vault is essential for configuring Azure Site Recovery, as it stores the replication and recovery data needed to replicate virtual machines to another region. The other options, such as Azure Virtual Network Peering, Azure Load Balancer, and Azure Traffic Manager, are used for networking and traffic management but are not involved in the replication process for disaster recovery.