OSI Model Layers and Purposes

Handles logical addressing, routing, and data packet forwarding.

Deals with the physical transmission of data over network media.

Controls data framing, error detection, and medium access control.

Manages and controls communication sessions between computers.

Translates data between the application and network formats, ensuring proper encoding and encryption.

Ensures reliable data transfer and error correction between hosts.

Provides services directly to end-users and applications, like email or file transfer.