OSI Model Layers and Purposes

Manages and controls communication sessions between computers.

Provides services directly to end-users and applications, like email or file transfer.

Controls data framing, error detection, and medium access control.

Ensures reliable data transfer and error correction between hosts.

Deals with the physical transmission of data over network media.

Translates data between the application and network formats, ensuring proper encoding and encryption.

Handles logical addressing, routing, and data packet forwarding.