A salt in cryptography refers to a randomly generated value that is added to the password before hashing. The salt is not intended to remain secret; its primary purpose is to be unique for each user's password. This uniqueness prevents attackers from using precomputed tables (such as rainbow tables) to reverse hash values into passwords. It also ensures that even if two users have the same password, their hashed values will be distinct.
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What are rainbow tables and how do they relate to salts?
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How is a salt generated and stored?
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Why is it important to use unique salts for user passwords?