Full-disk encryption is a strong security measure but is relevant to data at rest instead of data in motion. Similarly, obfuscation can make data less obvious but does not protect against a dedicated adversary with the tools to decode the obfuscated data. Certificate-based network authentication adds a layer of security to network access but does not protect the content of data transmissions. End-to-end encryption is specifically designed to protect the confidentiality of data as it travels across a network by ensuring that only the intended recipient, with the correct decryption key, can read the contents.