A network-based attack vector does not require user interaction or physical proximity to the target system to be effective. This type of attack can be conducted remotely over the network, exploiting vulnerabilities in exposed services or protocols. A web-based vector, while it can also be performed remotely, typically requires some level of user interaction, such as clicking a malicious link. Physical vectors necessitate the attacker being in proximity to the target to manipulate devices or interfaces. A social engineering vector requires manipulating individuals into taking actions that compromise security, like providing confidential information.