Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates are JSON files that define the infrastructure and configuration for your project and align with the infrastructure as code (IaC) methodology by enabling declarative automation of Azure resources. IaC is a key DevOps practice, which allows developers and operations teams to automatically manage, monitor, and provision resources through code rather than through a manual process. While the Azure portal is useful for manual infrastructure management, it does not encapsulate infrastructure as code. Azure Cloud Shell provides an interactive, authenticated, browser-accessible shell for managing Azure resources, but it is not a method to define infrastructure as code. Azure Advisor provides recommendations on high availability, security, performance, and cost but does not define or manage infrastructure.