Cisco CCNA Practice Test (200-301)

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is suitable for transferring files quickly with minimal overhead because it is a simple protocol that does not include authentication or encryption. It is commonly used in network environments where security is not a concern, such as transferring configuration files or boot images to devices. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) provides authentication and is more complex, which introduces more overhead. HTTPS and SCP both provide security features and have higher overhead, which are unnecessary in this scenario.

The statement is false. In software-defined networking (SDN), the overlay network provides virtual network services over the physical infrastructure, which is the underlay network. The underlay network handles the actual physical connectivity between devices, while the overlay network creates virtualized topologies for flexible and scalable network management.

The metric in a routing table entry reflects the cost associated with reaching a particular network. Routers use this value to determine the most efficient path when multiple routes to the same destination exist. Lower metric values typically indicate preferred paths.

Site-to-site VPNs provide secure connections between entire networks over the internet using IPsec. They are commonly used to connect headquarters and branch offices, allowing them to function as a single network. Remote access VPNs connect individual users to a network, not entire networks. Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a technology that allows Ethernet-based multipoint to multipoint communication but does not use IPsec. Dedicated leased lines are physical connections provided by service providers and do not involve IPsec over the internet.

The root port on a non-root switch is the port that has the lowest-cost path to the root bridge and is responsible for forwarding traffic upstream toward the root bridge. It is always in a forwarding state unless the network topology changes. The designated port is the port on each network segment that has the best path to the root bridge and forwards traffic downstream away from the root bridge. Alternate and backup ports are in blocking states to prevent loops and provide backup paths if the active paths fail.

The subnet mask 255.255.255.192 corresponds to a /26 prefix length because there are 26 bits set to '1' in the subnet mask. Therefore, the correct route entry is 192.168.1.0/26. The other options represent different subnet masks: /24 corresponds to 255.255.255.0, /25 corresponds to 255.255.255.128, and /27 corresponds to 255.255.255.224.

The 'facility' field in syslog messages specifies the type of process or system component that generated the message, such as the kernel, mail system, or authorization processes. This helps in categorizing and filtering messages based on their source. The 'severity level' indicates the urgency of the message, while the network interface and hostname are not represented by the facility field.

To require users to enter a shared password for secure connection, you should select WPA2 Personal. WPA2 Personal implements Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 with a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), which is the shared password used by all users to access the network. WPA2 Enterprise uses 802.1X authentication with a RADIUS server for individual user authentication, which is more complex to set up. WEP is an outdated and insecure protocol that is no longer recommended. Open Authentication allows users to connect without any authentication, providing no security.

True. Regular security training enhances employee awareness of potential threats such as phishing, social engineering, and malware. By educating employees on how to recognize and respond to these threats, organizations can reduce the risk of security breaches caused by human error.

The correct configuration is to set the port as an access port on the data VLAN and assign the voice VLAN for voice traffic. This setup allows untagged data frames from the PC to be associated with the data VLAN, while the VoIP phone tags its voice frames with the voice VLAN identifier. The switch recognizes and prioritizes the tagged voice traffic accordingly. Configuring the port as a trunk port is unnecessary and can cause issues since end devices like PCs and VoIP phones are not typically configured for trunking. Assigning the voice VLAN as the access VLAN and the data VLAN as the voice VLAN would misclassify the traffic, causing data traffic to be treated as voice and vice versa.

In 802.1Q trunking, untagged frames are associated with the native VLAN. The native VLAN carries untagged traffic on a trunk port. By default, this is VLAN 1, but it can be changed if needed. The management network is used for administrative access, the voice network is designated for VoIP traffic, and the trunk is a type of port that carries multiple VLANs but is not a VLAN type itself.

Root Guard is designed to maintain the position of the root bridge by preventing designated ports from becoming root ports if they receive superior BPDUs (indicating a better path to the root). When a port with Root Guard enabled receives a superior BPDU, it moves into a root-inconsistent state, blocking the port from forwarding traffic but still allowing BPDUs to be received. This ensures the network's root bridge remains stable and prevents unintended topology changes.

In Rapid PVST+, a port that is in the discarding state and serves as a backup path to the root bridge is known as an alternate port. The alternate port provides redundancy by being available if the root port fails, but it remains in the discarding state to prevent switching loops. The learning state is a transitional state where the port prepares to forward traffic, but in this scenario, the port is not indicated to be transitioning. A port with a misconfigured duplex setting may cause connectivity issues but does not define a specific spanning tree role or state. A designated port forwards traffic on its segment and would be in the forwarding state, not discarding.

The administrative distance and metric in a routing table entry indicate the route's trustworthiness and cost, respectively. Administrative distance represents the reliability of the routing protocol source, and metric indicates the path's cost. Routers use these values to select the most preferred route among multiple entries to the same destination. The other options do not directly influence the route selection process. The network prefix and mask define the destination network, the gateway of last resort is used when no specific route matches, and the next hop address specifies where to forward the packet but does not determine route preference.

Routers are devices that forward data packets between different networks. They use the destination IP address in a packet to determine the best path for forwarding the packet. This allows communication between devices on different network segments or subnets. Switches operate at Layer 2 and forward frames within the same network based on MAC addresses. Hubs are Layer 1 devices and forward bits. Access points allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network.