Static analysis is the process of examining the code without executing the program. It is the best technique for understanding the high-level logic and control flow of the executable without execution, which could reveal vulnerabilities and hidden functionalities. Dynamic analysis involves observing the system's behavior during execution, which does not fit the criteria of not executing the code. A fuzz test is used to feed a series of inputs to software to find vulnerabilities, but it is not a technique used for reverse engineering without execution. Application logs can provide runtime details, but they won't help reverse engineer binary code or understand high-level logic and control flow before execution.