Attributes are characteristics or properties that hold data about an object in object-oriented programming. They help to distinguish an object from other objects of the same class by providing specific data about that object. For instance, in a class defining a 'Car', an attribute could be 'color', which describes the characteristic of a car's color. Options that reference 'functions' or 'containers' are incorrect because functions define behavior and containers are data structures that may hold multiple objects or elements.
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