Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) provides a solution for network traffic segmentation and allows for more than 16 million unique network identifiers. It is suitable for environments that necessitate scalable and secure separation of network traffic across data centers. This makes VXLAN the best choice when extensive network traffic segmentation and multi-data center workload distribution is required. VLAN, while useful for segmenting traffic, is limited to 4096 unique identifiers and does not extend well across multiple data centers. GENEVE, being highly programmable and able to encapsulate different network virtualization protocols, also offers extensive segmentation, but it is not as widely adopted for cross-data center scenarios as VXLAN. Hence, VXLAN aligns most closely with the criteria specified in the question.