CompTIA A+ Practice Test (220-1102)

Shoulder surfing is a common tactic to gain information by standing near a person as they talk on the phone, fill out a form, or type in their password.

netstat displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols). Used without parameters, this command displays active TCP connections.

Sandbox testing involves setting up an isolated environment that replicates the production setup. This allows you to test new updates, changes, or software without affecting the live environment. Using sandbox testing helps ensure that any issues are identified and resolved before implementing changes in the production environment. Other practices, like performing risk analysis and submitting change request forms, are equally important but come into play at different stages of the change management process.

The NET command in Windows provides many options, including the NET USE command tool. The NET USE command will show and configure mapped network drives from a shared resource like a NAS or a storage server.

An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a document organizations require users to acknowledge before granting access to company devices, networks, or data. It clearly states allowed and prohibited activities-for example, that users must obey the law and avoid visiting banned websites-so the organization can enforce security and compliance.

Be sure to read this one carefully! It asks which you would advice against using.

FAT32 is a filesystem with a maximum file size limit of 4 GB, which is less than what clients requiring storage of larger individual files would need. NTFS and exFAT do not have this 4 GB limitation and can store files much larger than 4 GB, thus making them more appropriate choices for storing large individual files.

An in-place upgrade is an installation type that updates an existing operating system while keeping things like files, applications and settings from the existing operating system.

Disabling Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) on a wireless router can significantly enhance the security of a network. UPnP can be exploited by malware to open ports without a user's knowledge, potentially allowing external threats to penetrate the network. Therefore, disabling it reduces the risks of such vulnerabilities. Changing the SSID does not inherently secure the network—this action just changes the network name. While disabling SSID broadcast may somewhat obscure the network from casual discovery, it is not a robust security measure as SSID can be discovered by more determined attackers using simple tools. Port forwarding/mapping is typically used to allow external devices to access services within the private network and is not a method to enhance network security.

The correct way to disable System Restore involves accessing the System Properties dialog, which is accessed via the Control Panel. From there, navigating to the 'System Protection' tab and choosing the appropriate drive configurations ensures that System Restore can be turned off for specific drives, where changes are confirmed by applying the modifications. This process is essential for ensuring that malware does not remain in the system by eliminating the possibility of reverting to a system state that might still be infected.

Failing to release memory after it is no longer needed results in a memory leak. Each time the script runs, additional RAM is consumed but not returned to the operating system; over time the available memory shrinks. As free memory becomes scarce, the OS must page to disk more frequently, overall performance degrades, and the system can eventually freeze or crash. Antivirus actions, CPU throttling, or disk fragmentation are not typical direct consequences of a memory leak.

If the employee is adhering to usage policies and has not installed new applications, then the most likely reason for the data overages could be background data usage by applications or system services. Investigating the detailed cellular data usage in the device settings is the logical first step as it can reveal which applications or system services are using unexpected amounts of data despite the user's activities. An application update might not directly correlate to data usage limits, and malware is less likely without new application installations or other symptoms. Changing the user's data plan does not address the root cause and should be considered after other troubleshooting steps.

Patient data within a hospital is specifically categorized as Protected Health Information (PHI), which is regulated in the U.S. by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). While PHI is a type of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), the term 'PHI' is the most precise description in a healthcare context because it pertains directly to medical information. Payment Card Industry (PCI) data relates to credit card details, not general patient health records. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a networking protocol and is not relevant to data classification.

Performance monitor is a Windows tool that can be used to monitor and log a system's health and status in real time. Task Manager can display similar information but does not log and should only be used as a quick reference.

Using Microsoft Remote Assistance (MSRA), the technician can request to control the client's computer with the client's permission and demonstrate the proper installation and configuration process. The client will only need to accept the invitation, making it straightforward for users without extensive technical knowledge. Other options, like VPNs and SSH, require more client involvement and knowledge, and are therefore not the best fit for this scenario.

Restarting the 'Print Spooler' service is often the best initial step to resolve issues related to network printers appearing offline. This service manages print jobs and restarting it can clear any stuck jobs or refresh the connection to network printers. Checking cables from the printers or reinstalling printer drivers might also help but are usually secondary steps after ensuring the services are running correctly.