Free CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Practice Test

Frames that are smaller than the minimum Ethernet frame size of 64 bytes are referred to as 'runts.' These frames are usually the result of collisions or other errors in the network. Understanding what runts are helps diagnose issues related to collisions or damaged frames in a network. Frames larger than the maximum Ethernet frame size (typically 1518 bytes, or 1522 bytes for VLAN tagging) are referred to as 'giants,' and 'jabber' describes a condition where a device is transmitting frames longer than the allowed maximum, often due to a malfunction. A 'collision fragment' refers to the remnants of frames that were involved in a collision on a network using a CSMA/CD protocol, which is a different concept.

The primary benefit of using static routing is its simplicity and ease of implementation. Static routing does not require any routing protocol overhead, such as exchange of routing information with other routers. It is ideal for small networks or specific scenarios where the optimal routes do not change.

The best method to secure directory service communications is using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS), commonly referred to as LDAPS when used to secure directory services. This method ensures that user credentials and authorization data are encrypted in transit, preventing unauthorized interception and tampering. In contrast, the standard protocol without SSL/TLS can expose data to eavesdropping. Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol for secure network services but is not typically used with directory services. IPsec is used for securing IP communications but does not specifically secure directory service protocols unless the entire communication session is being protected.

When troubleshooting a connectivity issue and there are no activity lights on the network ports, the first action should be to check the physical connections. Making sure that the cable is properly seated into the workstation's port and the corresponding switch port can often resolve the issue. A loose or disconnected cable is a common culprit for a down link state. Without activity lights, hardware replacement or configuration checks are premature actions. Verifying the connection is precise and consumes the least resources, which is why it's the most logical first step. Configurations involving VLANs or duplex settings would not account for a lack of link light indication.

The primary purpose of implementing an onboarding and offboarding policy is to manage network access during employee transitions. Onboarding involves setting up new users with the appropriate access permissions when they join an organization, while offboarding requires revoking those permissions when they leave. This is crucial for maintaining network security and ensuring that only authorized individuals have access to sensitive data and systems.

STP convergence times can be significantly affected by the complexity of the network topology. In a densely meshed network with numerous inter-switch links, STP must process more information to maintain a loop-free topology, potentially leading to longer convergence times. Each additional link increases the number of possible loop paths that STP must account for, therefore influencing the total time required for STP to converge. The question attempts to trick test takers by suggesting that network complexity does not impact convergence times, which is false. Understanding how topological complexity can affect STP operation is critical for network troubleshooting and optimization.

IPv4 multicast addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. A valid multicast address for setting up services such as a video conference would fall within this range. Other ranges are either reserved for specific uses, such as the 224.0.0.0/24 range for network protocols, or are outside the multicast address range and are used for unicast or broadcast traffic.

In a bus topology, all the workstations connect to one backbone. If the backbone fails, the entire network will go down.

The arp command display and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table, which contains IP and MAC Addresses.

1000BASE-LX is a fiber optic Ethernet standard that supports distances up to 10 kilometers with single-mode fiber, and typically up to 550 meters using multimode fiber. It operates at a speed of 1 Gbps, which makes it the best solution for the given requirement. 1000BASE-T is designed for copper cabling and can only support distances up to 100 meters, which does not meet the long-distance requirement. Similarly, 100BASE-FX is a fiber standard but it is designed for shorter distances and operates at a lower speed of 100 Mbps. 10GBASE-LR is designed for distances up to 10 kilometers as well, but it supports speeds of 10 Gbps, which exceeds the specified requirement and may not be the most cost-effective option considering the company's request for 1 Gbps.

When new equipment is added to a data center, it can increase the heat output, necessitating a review of the cooling infrastructure. The correct action would be to evaluate the current environmental control system's capacity and make necessary upgrades to handle the increased thermal load. Cleaning the air filters, while important, may not address the core issue if the system is overwhelmed by the new heat generation. Monitoring temperatures more closely is reactive but does not address the root cause. Reorganizing equipment racks may improve airflow but does not ensure the cooling system can cope with the increased heat generated by additional hardware.

NAT (Network Address Translation) allows a router to translate IPs, both statically and dynamically. This allows an entire private network to share a single or group of public IPs to access the internet.

In firewall configurations, an 'explicit deny' rule is usually placed at the end of the access control list (ACL) to deny any traffic that does not match any of the preceding permit rules. This acts as a catch-all to prevent any unintended or unspecified traffic from entering the network, ensuring that only traffic that has been explicitly allowed through matching rules is permitted. An explicit deny rule is crucial for maintaining a secure network posture, as it enforces a default state of denying access, thereby protecting against unknown threats or overlooked configurations.

A preshared key is used to establish a secure communication channel in wireless networks by providing a shared secret between the devices before communication begins. It is a form of symmetric encryption where the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data. This key needs to be kept secret to maintain the security of the communication channel. Using other forms of authentication such as asymmetric keys or certificates would not be considered a 'preshared key'.

Cat 6a cable is designed to support frequencies up to 500 MHz and can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Gbps over distances up to 100 meters. This makes it suitable for environments like office buildings where such distances are typical. Cat 6 cable also supports 10 Gbps but only up to 55 meters in favorable crosstalk conditions. Cat 5e is not designed to support 10 Gbps, and Cat 7 is used for even higher frequencies and speeds but is not as commonly used for typical office environments. Cat 5 is an older standard that only supports up to 1 Gbps.