CompTIA Tech+ Practice Test (FC0-U71)

Plug-and-play installation is correct because it refers to the capability of a computer system to automatically detect and configure a newly attached device without requiring the user to supply or install drivers manually. When you connect a plug-and-play-compatible mouse, the operating system recognizes the human-interface device class and loads a built-in driver, so the mouse is ready for use within seconds. The other options describe methods typically used for more complex or network-attached peripherals and are not common for standard mice.

Private browsing is a feature available in most web browsers that allows users to browse the internet without recording the history or storing cookies and temporary files that track their activities. When a private browsing session ends, this information is typically discarded. Clearing the cache happens after browsing, extensions can add functionality but do not erase session data by default, and popup blockers simply suppress unwanted windows; none of these provide the same privacy during the session.

NTFS (New Technology File System) is the correct choice because its journaling feature is specifically designed to maintain data integrity and allow for rapid recovery after a system crash or power failure. It keeps a log of changes that are about to be made, ensuring the file system can be restored to a consistent state. FAT32 does not support journaling, making it unsuitable for a server where data integrity is critical. Ext4 is a journaling file system for Linux and is not natively supported by Windows. HFS+ is the file system used by Apple's macOS and is also not a suitable option for a Windows server.

Binary is the correct answer because computers use the binary system, which consists of just two numbers, 0 and 1, to represent data and carry out operations. In binary, each digit represents a power of 2. Decimal, while commonly used in everyday life, represents numbers in base 10 and is not directly used by computers for operations. Hexadecimal is often used to represent binary data in a more human-readable form, but it is not the primary system computers use to process data.

ARM architecture is optimized for low power and high efficiency, making it ideal for battery-powered devices like smartphones. Nearly all modern smartphones, whether Android or iOS, run on ARM-based system-on-chips. x86 processors dominate desktop and laptop PCs, CISC describes a broad design style rather than a specific mobile CPU family, and 64-bit refers only to data width, not the underlying instruction set used in most phones.

Structured Query Language (SQL) is designed specifically to communicate with relational database management systems. It provides commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE that allow users to manipulate and query data. Java is a general-purpose programming language, CSS handles the presentation of web content, and HTML defines the structure of web pages; none of these languages are intended for direct database manipulation in the same way SQL is.

Regularly updating mobile applications is necessary to ensure that any security vulnerabilities are patched and that the app maintains compatibility with the latest security protocols. This can prevent many types of attacks on confidentiality and integrity of the company data. Using apps from unofficial sources may introduce malware, sharing credentials can compromise security, and using unsecured Wi-Fi opens the door for potential eavesdropping or man-in-the-middle attacks.

The correct answer is Document databases because they are well-suited for handling hierarchical data structures due to their document-oriented nature, where each document can contain nested information that represents such one-to-many relationships. They also offer schema flexibility, allowing for easy adjustments and evolution of the data structure as requirements change. Graph databases are excellent for relationship traversal but do not inherently offer the same hierarchical document storage model. Wide-column stores can handle large amounts of data with some flexibility, but they are not optimized for deeply nested hierarchical data. Key/value stores are highly performant for simple data models but lack the necessary querying capabilities to efficiently manage complex hierarchies with frequent schema changes.

The 'int' data type should be chosen because it is specifically designed to store whole numbers and perfect for countable items such as button presses. 'float' is typically used for numbers that have a fractional part, which isn't needed here. 'char' is intended for single characters and 'string' for sequences of characters; neither is suitable for arithmetic operations typically performed on counts.

A firewall is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules. This prevents unauthorized access to internal resources. A switch primarily connects devices within a network and manages data flows between them. A router connects multiple networks and routes traffic between them. An access point allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network, but it does not regulate traffic with security rules.

The process of turning data, which are raw facts, into information involves organizing, analyzing, and interpreting that data to make it useful. The analyst is engaging in data analysis to create a report that provides insights, which can be used by the company to make informed decisions.

Data persistence is the property that ensures information is written to non-volatile storage so it remains available and unchanged after power outages, system reboots, or crashes. Databases rely on this durability so that records are retained permanently until explicitly modified or deleted. Other characteristics-such as faster access, offline copies for users, or supporting diverse data types-may be desirable, but they are not what defines persistence.

The correct answer is effective because visual aids such as charts and graphs allow decision-makers to quickly interpret complex data. Other options, while they might provide some data, do not communicate the trends and patterns as clearly as visual reports do. For instance, raw data or text summaries can be cumbersome, making it harder to identify actionable insights.

A 64-bit CPU can handle more than 4GB of RAM because it uses larger bit widths, memory addresses, and other associated hardware to process more data at a time and access more memory. A 32-bit CPU has a limit of 4GB addressable memory and therefore cannot effectively utilize RAM beyond this limit.

Naming restrictions prevent the use of special characters (such as /, , :, *, ?, ", <, >, |) that could disrupt file system operations. These characters are often reserved by the operating system for specific functions, like separating directories in a file path or acting as wildcards. While other restrictions, such as limits on filename length, also exist, the primary goal of character restrictions is to avoid errors and ambiguity when the system parses file paths. Adhering to these rules is essential for ensuring files can be saved, accessed, and shared reliably across different systems.

Interpreted languages, such as scripting languages, are executed directly by the browser without the need for a separate compilation step. This is because the code is processed at runtime by an interpreter, which is ideal for web development tasks.

A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a table, ensuring that no two rows have the same value in this column. This uniqueness is crucial for quickly locating individual records and maintaining data integrity. While a foreign key is used to link two tables together, and a composite key combines multiple columns to create a unique identifier, the primary key's main role is to provide a unique ID for each row in its own table. Indexes are used to improve search performance but are not unique identifiers for records.

The ALTER TABLE command is used to modify the existing structure of a database table, such as adding a new column. In this scenario, the correct command to add a new column to an existing table is ALTER TABLE Employees ADD COLUMN PhoneNumber VARCHAR(10);. The incorrect options presented involve either SQL commands for other operations or incorrect syntax.

Connected pacemakers and insulin pumps contain wireless radios (for example, Bluetooth Low Energy or proprietary RF) that send device and patient data to external receivers and allow clinicians to push configuration changes or firmware updates. The ability to exchange data over a network is the defining characteristic of an IoT device. The other statements describe features that do not, by themselves, justify the IoT label.

In computing, the execution of such a function where data is manipulated to produce a result is known as processing. This is one of the basic operations a computer performs after receiving input (the numbers you want to add) before delivering an output (the sum of those numbers).