CompTIA Tech+ Practice Test (FC0-U71)

Scripting languages are usually interpreted, meaning that an interpreter reads and executes source code directly at runtime without generating a separate executable. This allows developers to test changes immediately, making the languages well suited for rapid iteration. The remaining statements describe traits typical of compiled or specialized languages, such as ahead-of-time machine-code generation, a primary focus on heavy numerical computation, or a mandatory linking step before catching syntax errors.

A workstation is a powerful computer designed for technical or scientific applications. Workstations are typically used by one person at a time but are more powerful than a standard desktop computer, capable of handling complex tasks such as graphic design, 3-D modeling, and intensive computational processes. The incorrect options describe other types of computing devices, not a workstation. Mobile phones and tablets are portable devices with less computational power and are generally used for communication and entertainment, while servers are powerful machines that serve data to other computers on a network.

An identifier is used to name elements in a program, such as variables and functions, allowing a programmer to refer to them in other parts of the code. It's not used for calculations or defining the type of data but rather for providing a unique name to differentiate one element from another.

Marcus should use a scripting language because it allows for quick and easy edits, can be run immediately without compiling, and is generally cross-platform compatible, which meets the requirements for the automated tool he is tasked with creating. Scripting languages are commonly used for automating repetitive tasks and manipulating data, which aligns with the process of generating and sending weekly reports.

A record in a database represents a single, uniquely identifiable entry that can contain one or more values in fields. It is equivalent to a row in a table within a relational database. Option 'Comprehensive data types encompassing a single entry' is incorrect because it does not accurately represent the idea of a record, which is an entry, not a data type. 'A placeholder for future data' is also incorrect as records contain actual data, not placeholders. 'All data within a database' is not correct because a record is just one entry among potentially many within a database.

Manufacturers use the decimal system, where 1 terabyte (TB) equals 1000 gigabytes (GB). A 1 TB drive therefore provides only about 1 000 GB, which is less than the 1200 GB minimum. A 2 TB drive supplies roughly 2 000 GB, meeting the requirement and leaving headroom for future growth. Drives of 500 GB or 200 GB fall far short of the needed capacity.

In a situation where multiple concurrent users are accessing the database and experiencing slow response times, optimizing the speed of the database is essential. Speed enhancement ensures that data is retrieved and processed quickly, even under load, which directly impacts the user experience positively by reducing wait times.

The action 'Query' is used in a database to request specific information. When you query a database, you ask a question or set criteria to retrieve a particular set of data. For example, you might search for all customers who live in a particular city. Other options do not directly represent requesting information-'Create' refers to making a new database object or adding new data, 'Import/input' brings data into the database, and 'Reports' are formatted summaries generated from data, often based on a query but not the act of querying itself.

In network communications, data is broken into packets. These packets are sent individually and may sometimes pause at networking devices (like switches or routers) as they are processed and forwarded to the destination. This behavior is normal and is part of how packet-switched networks operate, ensuring that all the parts of the transmitted data eventually reach their intended destination, even if there are brief moments of delay.

A workstation is designed to handle demanding applications, is frequented by professionals like graphic designers, and often supports multiple high-resolution monitors. It is also built to allow for significant hardware and software upgrades.

Interpreted languages are executed line by line by an interpreter at runtime, which means they do not need to be compiled into machine code before execution. This makes them different from compiled languages that must be converted into machine code by a compiler before they can be run. Scripting and markup languages are types of interpreted languages.

Encryption is used to transform information into a code to prevent unauthorized access. It secures data by making it unreadable to anyone who does not have the decryption key. Other options may describe related concepts but do not encapsulate the primary function of encryption accurately.

An array is ideal when the number of elements is fixed. Because its elements are stored in contiguous memory, each username can be accessed directly by index in O(1) time, giving the fastest possible iteration performance. A linked list must follow pointers from node to node, a hash table provides no defined order, and a queue enforces FIFO removal rather than random indexed access, all of which make them less efficient for this scenario.

A modem (modulator-demodulator) is the device that connects a local network to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It translates the digital signals from the local network into a format that can be transmitted over the ISP's infrastructure (like cable, fiber, or DSL) and vice-versa. A router directs traffic between the local network and the modem, allowing multiple devices to share the internet connection. A switch is used to connect multiple wired devices within the same local network, forwarding data only to the intended recipient device. A hub is a simpler, older device that also connects devices on a local network, but it broadcasts all data to every connected device, which is inefficient.

Visual diagramming software is designed to help users create graphical representations of information. Lucidchart is an example of this type of software because it allows users to create a variety of diagrams, including flowcharts and organizational charts, which can be used for planning and illustrating processes or systems.

Attributes hold an object's data. The due date is a piece of information that describes the Task, so it should be saved in a dedicated attribute (for example, a DueDate attribute) inside the object. Methods represent behavior, and arrays or vectors are collections, so they are not appropriate for a single due-date value.

The correct answer is Availability. This concept ensures that systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed. The use of a redundant server that automatically takes over during a failure is a classic example of a high-availability strategy. Confidentiality is about preventing unauthorized disclosure of information. Integrity is about ensuring data is not altered in an unauthorized manner. Non-repudiation provides proof of the origin and integrity of data, preventing a sender from denying they sent a message.

Non-structured data, also called unstructured data, does not conform to a predefined data model or schema. Because the format is not restricted, the same data store can hold documents, images, audio, and many other types in their native form, giving organizations flexibility when capturing diverse information. However, the absence of consistent structure makes traditional query methods less effective. In contrast, structured data relies on a rigid schema, stored in tables with clearly defined rows and columns, enabling efficient SQL queries. Semi-structured data falls between these two extremes: it does not use relational tables but does contain tags, keys, or other markers (such as JSON or XML) that give it a loose organization, allowing it to be parsed and analyzed more easily than fully non-structured data.

A dynamic array is a data structure that can grow or shrink its size during program execution. This is its key advantage over a static array, which has a fixed size determined at compile time. A data structure that follows a Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle for adding or removing elements is a stack. A data structure that stores data in key-value pairs for efficient lookup is known as a dictionary or map.

True. Relational databases store information in structured tables with predefined columns and data types. Those tables-and the relationships between them-make up the schema. Because every row must conform to that structure, the tables have to be created first. Document and key-value databases may allow data insertion without a predefined schema, but an RDBMS enforces this requirement.