Cisco CCNA Practice Test (200-301)

The command ip nat pool NET_POOL 209.165.200.226 209.165.200.230 netmask 255.255.255.248 correctly defines a NAT pool named 'NET_POOL' with the specified starting and ending IP addresses and netmask. This pool is then used to translate internal private IP addresses to the public IP addresses when configuring NAT.

'ip nat pool NET_POOL 209.165.200.225 209.165.200.229 netmask 255.255.255.248' is incorrect because it specifies an incorrect IP range (209.165.200.225 to 209.165.200.229) that doesn't match the given public address pool.

'ip nat inside source list 1 pool NET_POOL overload' is incorrect because it applies NAT translation using an access list and a pool but does not define the NAT pool itself.

'ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.1 209.165.200.226' is incorrect because it configures a static NAT translation for a single IP address rather than defining a pool for multiple addresses.

The administrative distance and metric in a routing table entry indicate the route's trustworthiness and cost, respectively. Administrative distance represents the reliability of the routing protocol source, and metric indicates the path's cost. Routers use these values to select the most preferred route among multiple entries to the same destination. The other options do not directly influence the route selection process. The network prefix and mask define the destination network, the gateway of last resort is used when no specific route matches, and the next hop address specifies where to forward the packet but does not determine route preference.

The next hop in a static route should be the IP address of the neighboring router's interface that is directly connected to the local router. This tells the router where to send packets destined for the remote network. Using the adjacent router's interface ensures that packets are forwarded to the next device in the path. Specifying the remote network's default gateway or destination host is incorrect because those addresses are not directly reachable from the local router. Using the router's own outgoing interface is also incorrect, as it does not provide a forwarding path to another device.

The service password-encryption command encrypts all plaintext passwords in the configuration file using a Cisco proprietary encryption algorithm. This helps in protecting the passwords from being easily read if someone views the configuration file. The enable secret command sets an encrypted password for privileged access but does not encrypt other plaintext passwords in the configuration. The username admin secret cisco command creates an encrypted password for a specific user but doesn't affect existing plaintext passwords. The password encryption aes command is not a valid Cisco IOS command for encrypting passwords.

The correct command to display detailed information about neighboring devices discovered through the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is show lldp neighbors detail. This command provides comprehensive details about each LLDP neighbor, including system name, port ID, capabilities, and more. The show cdp neighbors detail command is used for Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), which is proprietary to Cisco devices. The show lldp interface command displays LLDP parameters for the interfaces but does not provide neighbor details. The show mac address-table command displays the MAC addresses learned on the switch but does not provide discovery protocol information.

In OSPF broadcast networks, the primary factor for electing the Designated Router (DR) is the interface priority value assigned to each router. The router with the highest interface priority becomes the DR. If multiple routers have the same highest priority, the router with the highest Router ID is selected. Interface priority is configurable and allows network administrators to influence DR election, making it the most significant criterion in the selection process.

Layer 3 switches include hardware and software to inspect Layer 3 information (IP addresses) and maintain routing tables, allowing them to route traffic between separate IP subnets or VLANs via Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVIs). A Layer 2 switch cannot perform this routing; it can only forward frames within a single subnet based on MAC addresses. Functions such as MAC learning, VLAN tagging, and basic frame forwarding are common to both types of switches.

WPA3 provides the strongest level of security among the listed wireless security protocols. It introduces advanced encryption and authentication methods that offer better protection against modern threats. WEP and WPA have significant vulnerabilities and are considered insecure. While WPA2 is still commonly used and provides strong security, WPA3 includes enhancements that address weaknesses in WPA2 and offers improved safeguards against attacks such as offline dictionary attacks.

The router uses the metric to determine the preferred path among multiple routes learned via the same routing protocol. The metric is a value that represents the cost or distance to reach a destination; lower metrics indicate more preferred paths. Administrative distance is used to compare routes from different routing protocols, not within the same protocol. Prefix length is relevant when routes have different network masks, but in this case, the destinations are the same. Next hop refers to the immediate next router in the path and does not influence the selection among multiple paths learned from the same protocol.

To create 256 subnets from a /48 IPv6 network, the administrator must allocate 8 additional bits for subnetting because 2^8 equals 256. Adding these 8 bits to the original /48 results in a /56 prefix length for each subnet. This allows for 256 subnets, each with a significant number of host addresses. The other options either provide too few subnets or unnecessarily limit the number of host addresses per subnet.

To configure a default route in IPv4 on a Cisco router, you use the command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1. The 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 specifies a destination network of all zeros with a subnet mask of all zeros, which matches any IPv4 address not found in the routing table. This tells the router to forward packets destined for unknown networks to the next-hop IP address 192.168.1.1. The other options are incorrect because:

• ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 defines a route to a specific host address 0.0.0.0, not a default route.
• ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1 is used on devices without IP routing enabled, such as switches, and is not appropriate when IP routing is active.
• ip route any any 192.168.1.1 is not a valid Cisco IOS command for configuring routes.

To ensure that a Cisco router's VTY lines accept only encrypted remote management sessions, the command transport input ssh is used. This command restricts the VTY lines to accept only SSH connections, which are encrypted, and rejects unencrypted protocols like Telnet. Using transport input all would allow all types of connections, including insecure ones. The command login local enables local authentication but doesn't specify the encryption of the remote sessions. Setting a password with the password command is necessary for authentication but doesn't enforce the use of encrypted connections.

The HTTP POST method is mapped to the Create operation in CRUD. When a client sends a POST request to the appropriate endpoint, the server processes the request body and adds a new resource, usually returning HTTP status code 201 (Created) and a Location header pointing to the new resource. Other verbs serve different CRUD purposes: GET retrieves resources (Read), PUT or PATCH update them (Update), and DELETE removes them (Delete).

The banner motd command configures a "Message of the Day" banner, often used to display legal warnings or informational messages when users access the device.

Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) relies on the DHCP snooping binding table to validate the binding between a host's MAC address and its assigned IP address. When an ARP packet arrives on an untrusted port, DAI intercepts it and checks against the MAC-to-IP mappings in the DHCP snooping table. If no valid binding exists, the ARP packet is dropped. The CAM table is used for Layer 2 forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses and ports. While static ARP ACLs can be used with DAI, they are typically for non-DHCP environments. The routing table is a Layer 3 construct used for forwarding IP packets between networks.

The password [password] command is used within line configuration mode to set the password required to access a specific line, such as the console line (line console 0). This command defines the password that users must enter when connecting to that line. The enable password [password] and enable secret [password] commands set passwords for privileged EXEC mode access, not for line access. The service password-encryption command encrypts passwords in the device's configuration but does not set any passwords.

This command provides a concise overview of interface statuses, IP addresses, and whether interfaces are operational. It is often used for troubleshooting and verification.

Port security restricts the devices that can connect to a port based on their MAC addresses, enhancing network security.

The correct command is 'ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 203.0.113.10', which establishes a static mapping between the inside local address and the inside global address. The 'ip nat outside source' command is used for translating external addresses to internal addresses, which is not applicable here. The 'ip nat inside source dynamic' command is used for dynamic NAT configurations, not static mappings.

The default VLAN on Cisco switches is VLAN 1. All switch ports belong to VLAN 1 out of the box, and VLAN 1 cannot be deleted from the VLAN database. Control protocols such as CDP, STP, VTP, and DTP are always carried on VLAN 1, even if user traffic is pruned. Voice traffic is normally placed in a separate voice VLAN; security best practices advise keeping user data off VLAN 1, but the VLAN itself cannot be removed; and VLAN 1 is not limited to management-only traffic unless you explicitly configure it that way.