Cisco CCNA Practice Test (200-301)

In OSPF broadcast networks, the primary factor for electing the Designated Router (DR) is the interface priority value assigned to each router. The router with the highest interface priority becomes the DR. If multiple routers have the same highest priority, the router with the highest Router ID is selected. Interface priority is configurable and allows network administrators to influence DR election, making it the most significant criterion in the selection process.

WPA3 provides the strongest level of security among the listed wireless security protocols. It introduces advanced encryption and authentication methods that offer better protection against modern threats. WEP and WPA have significant vulnerabilities and are considered insecure. While WPA2 is still commonly used and provides strong security, WPA3 includes enhancements that address weaknesses in WPA2 and offers improved safeguards against attacks such as offline dictionary attacks.

Layer 3 switches include hardware and software to inspect Layer 3 information (IP addresses) and maintain routing tables, allowing them to route traffic between separate IP subnets or VLANs via Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVIs). A Layer 2 switch cannot perform this routing; it can only forward frames within a single subnet based on MAC addresses. Functions such as MAC learning, VLAN tagging, and basic frame forwarding are common to both types of switches.

To ensure that a Cisco router's VTY lines accept only encrypted remote management sessions, the command transport input ssh is used. This command restricts the VTY lines to accept only SSH connections, which are encrypted, and rejects unencrypted protocols like Telnet. Using transport input all would allow all types of connections, including insecure ones. The command login local enables local authentication but doesn't specify the encryption of the remote sessions. Setting a password with the password command is necessary for authentication but doesn't enforce the use of encrypted connections.

The administrative distance and metric in a routing table entry indicate the route's trustworthiness and cost, respectively. Administrative distance represents the reliability of the routing protocol source, and metric indicates the path's cost. Routers use these values to select the most preferred route among multiple entries to the same destination. The other options do not directly influence the route selection process. The network prefix and mask define the destination network, the gateway of last resort is used when no specific route matches, and the next hop address specifies where to forward the packet but does not determine route preference.

To configure a default route in IPv4 on a Cisco router, you use the command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1. The 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 specifies a destination network of all zeros with a subnet mask of all zeros, which matches any IPv4 address not found in the routing table. This tells the router to forward packets destined for unknown networks to the next-hop IP address 192.168.1.1. The other options are incorrect because:

• ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 defines a route to a specific host address 0.0.0.0, not a default route.
• ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1 is used on devices without IP routing enabled, such as switches, and is not appropriate when IP routing is active.
• ip route any any 192.168.1.1 is not a valid Cisco IOS command for configuring routes.

The router uses the metric to determine the preferred path among multiple routes learned via the same routing protocol. The metric is a value that represents the cost or distance to reach a destination; lower metrics indicate more preferred paths. Administrative distance is used to compare routes from different routing protocols, not within the same protocol. Prefix length is relevant when routes have different network masks, but in this case, the destinations are the same. Next hop refers to the immediate next router in the path and does not influence the selection among multiple paths learned from the same protocol.

On Cisco switches, the default VLAN is VLAN 1, which is assigned by default to all switch ports and cannot be deleted. This default network segment carries control traffic such as CDP and STP. The correct answer is that it is assigned by default to all ports and cannot be deleted. Option B is incorrect because voice traffic is typically assigned to a separate voice VLAN, not the default VLAN. Option C is incorrect because, while it's a security best practice to avoid using the default VLAN for user data traffic, the default VLAN itself cannot be removed from the switch. Option D is incorrect because the default VLAN is not specifically used for management traffic and can be used for other user traffic; management functions can be configured on different VLANs.

The banner motd command configures a "Message of the Day" banner, often used to display legal warnings or informational messages when users access the device.

This command provides a concise overview of interface statuses, IP addresses, and whether interfaces are operational. It is often used for troubleshooting and verification.

The command ip nat pool NET_POOL 209.165.200.226 209.165.200.230 netmask 255.255.255.248 correctly defines a NAT pool named 'NET_POOL' with the specified starting and ending IP addresses and netmask. This pool is then used to translate internal private IP addresses to the public IP addresses when configuring NAT.

'ip nat pool NET_POOL 209.165.200.225 209.165.200.229 netmask 255.255.255.248' is incorrect because it specifies an incorrect IP range (209.165.200.225 to 209.165.200.229) that doesn't match the given public address pool.

'ip nat inside source list 1 pool NET_POOL overload' is incorrect because it applies NAT translation using an access list and a pool but does not define the NAT pool itself.

'ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.1 209.165.200.226' is incorrect because it configures a static NAT translation for a single IP address rather than defining a pool for multiple addresses.

Port security restricts the devices that can connect to a port based on their MAC addresses, enhancing network security.

The next hop in a static route should be the IP address of the neighboring router's interface that is directly connected to the local router. This tells the router where to send packets destined for the remote network. Using the adjacent router's interface ensures that packets are forwarded to the next device in the path. Specifying the remote network's default gateway or destination host is incorrect because those addresses are not directly reachable from the local router. Using the router's own outgoing interface is also incorrect, as it does not provide a forwarding path to another device.

To create 256 subnets from a /48 IPv6 network, the administrator must allocate 8 additional bits for subnetting because 2^8 equals 256. Adding these 8 bits to the original /48 results in a /56 prefix length for each subnet. This allows for 256 subnets, each with a significant number of host addresses. The other options either provide too few subnets or unnecessarily limit the number of host addresses per subnet.

The correct command to display detailed information about neighboring devices discovered through the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is show lldp neighbors detail. This command provides comprehensive details about each LLDP neighbor, including system name, port ID, capabilities, and more. The show cdp neighbors detail command is used for Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), which is proprietary to Cisco devices. The show lldp interface command displays LLDP parameters for the interfaces but does not provide neighbor details. The show mac address-table command displays the MAC addresses learned on the switch but does not provide discovery protocol information.