Your organization is deploying a monitoring solution for 500 Linux web servers located in a DMZ. The security team will not allow any new inbound ports to be opened on the servers other than 22 (SSH) and 443 (HTTPS). They also do not want constant polling traffic across the firewall. Operations requires per-process CPU, memory, and disk-I/O statistics every 5 seconds and demands that metrics gathered during a temporary network outage be delivered when connectivity is restored. Which monitoring strategy BEST meets these requirements?
Install a lightweight monitoring agent on each server that pushes metrics over HTTPS to the collector.
Execute periodic agentless SSH commands from the monitoring server to capture metrics.
Monitor the servers with ICMP echo requests to confirm reachability.
Use agentless SNMP polling over UDP/161 to collect metrics.
Installing a lightweight agent on each server permits granular, process-level metrics that agentless methods such as SNMP or ad-hoc SSH polling usually cannot expose. Because the agent initiates an outbound HTTPS connection, no additional inbound ports need to be opened on the DMZ hosts. Most modern agents can buffer data locally during a network interruption and forward it when connectivity returns, eliminating the need for continuous external polling. Agentless SNMP or SSH approaches depend on the monitoring server being able to pull data in real time, create more network traffic, and generally lack detailed disk-I/O or per-process statistics. ICMP checks provide only basic reachability information and no performance data, so they do not satisfy the stated requirements.
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CompTIA Linux+ XK0-006 (V8)
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