You must migrate app.qcow2 from a KVM host to a storage array that refuses sparse files. The array expects a fully allocated RAW image, so you plan to run:
# qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw app.qcow2 app.raw
Which additional qemu-img convert option ensures that app.raw is created fully allocated (non-sparse) even if large zeroed ranges exist in the source image?
The convert sub-command treats sequences of zero bytes as holes so that the target file is sparse. The -S flag lets you change that behaviour. Setting -S 0 turns the scan off, so every logical sector is written to the destination; the resulting RAW file is therefore fully allocated.
-c only compresses supported formats such as qcow2 or vmdk and does not control sparseness. -C merely tries to off-load copy operations and may still leave holes. --target-is-zero tells qemu-img to assume the destination returns zeroes when read and actually requires -n to skip creating the target image, so it does not force preallocation.
Therefore, -S 0 is the required option.
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