You are logged in to a production server where no binaries are allowed to run with set-UID root and you have no sudo access. To troubleshoot slow connectivity you must discover every hop and the path-MTU to the external IP address 198.51.100.42 from your unprivileged shell session. Which of the following commands will achieve this without requiring any elevated privileges?
The tracepath utility traces each router hop and performs Path MTU Discovery while relying only on the normal sockets API, so it can be executed by an ordinary user without CAP_NET_RAW, set-UID, or sudo. traceroute can perform similar tests but manipulating raw packets for ICMP or TCP normally needs root (hence the sudo in that option). mtr spawns the helper mtr-packet, which must either run set-UID root or possess the cap_net_raw capability, so an unprivileged user cannot run it on systems where those privileges are removed. The ping -M do -s 1472 command tests a single ICMP echo size and does not enumerate intermediate hops, so it does not satisfy the task. Therefore only the tracepath 198.51.100.42 command meets all stated requirements.
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What is the role of the Path MTU Discovery in networking?
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Why does `tracepath` not require elevated privileges?
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CompTIA Linux+ XK0-006 (V8)
System Management
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