The DISPLAY variable follows the syntax host:display.screen. In the value localhost:10.0, the host portion is localhost, the screen number is 0, and the display number is 10. When OpenSSH creates a forwarded X11 session it picks an unused display number (by default starting at 10) and starts an X-proxy listening on TCP port 6000 + display (port 6010 in this case). Any X client you start in the SSH session connects to that listener, which then tunnels the traffic back to the real X server on your workstation.
The number is not a screen index, a virtual console (tty), or an X-authority cookie identifier.
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CompTIA Linux+ XK0-006 (V8)
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