While troubleshooting a data-processing application you learn that every worker process created by the controller script was started in the same process group (PGID 547). From a different terminal session that is not part of that group, you must instruct all members of PGID 547 to reload their configuration files without affecting any other processes on the system. Which one-line command satisfies the requirement?
The kill utility accepts either a PID (positive integer) or a process-group ID (negative integer) as its operand. Supplying a negative value causes kill to deliver the specified signal to every process whose process-group ID equals the absolute value of that number. Placing "--" before the operand prevents the minus sign from being parsed as another option.
Therefore, "kill -HUP -- -547" sends SIGHUP to all processes in group 547 and to no others.
"kill -HUP 547" targets only the single process whose PID is 547.
"kill -HUP 0" signals every process in the caller's own group, not PGID 547.
"kill -HUP -1" signals all processes the user may signal (except init and the kill command itself), which is far broader than required.
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