The third, positional argument that follows outfile is ddrescue's mapfile. Re-using the same mapfile lets the program skip blocks that were already copied and pick up precisely where it stopped. Without it, ddrescue would start a new rescue from the beginning and recopy good areas .
Adding -d enables direct (uncached) reads from infile, and -r3 tells ddrescue to make up to three retry passes over the sectors still marked bad in the map .
The option that omits the mapfile will restart the whole copy.
The command that still uses -n skips the scraping phase, so the rescue remains incomplete .
The variant with the mapfile placed before infile/outfile breaks ddrescue's required positional order (infile outfile mapfile) and will be rejected by the program.
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