A system administrator is troubleshooting a Linux server that fails to boot properly and is currently in single-user mode. Only the root filesystem is mounted. The administrator needs to use basic commands like ls, cp, and mount to investigate the issue. According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), in which directory should these essential command binaries be located?
The correct answer is /bin. The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) specifies that the /bin directory contains essential command binaries available for use by all users and are required for system functionality, especially in single-user mode or when other filesystems like /usr are not yet mounted. The /sbin directory contains essential system binaries, but these are intended for system administration (e.g., fdisk, reboot) and are typically only executable by the root user. The /usr/bin directory holds the majority of user-executable programs, but they are not considered essential for booting or system repair and reside on the /usr partition, which may not be available in a minimal boot environment. The /home directory is designated for user's personal files and does not contain system binaries.
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