A Linux administrator executes rmmod e1000e to unload the driver for a network card. The command fails with the error: rmmod: ERROR: Module e1000e is in use. Which of the following is the most direct cause of this error?
The module's file, e1000e.ko, cannot be found in the system's module directories.
The network interface associated with the e1000e driver is currently active.
The --force flag was not used with the rmmod command.
The administrator did not run the command with root privileges.
The correct answer is that the network interface associated with the e1000e driver is active. The rmmod command is used to remove a kernel module, but it will fail if the module's usage count is greater than zero. An active network interface that relies on the e1000e driver will increment its usage count, thereby preventing its removal until the interface is taken down. Executing the command without root privileges would result in a 'Permission denied' error, not 'module in use'. The location of the module file is irrelevant for unloading an already loaded module. While a --force flag exists, it is dangerous and not the standard or correct way to handle this error; the proper procedure is to stop the processes or devices using the module.
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How can you check if a network interface is using a specific driver?
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How can you safely unload a kernel module that is 'in use'?
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What is the role of a kernel module like `e1000e`?
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