Which U.S. federal law establishes national standards that require healthcare providers, health plans, and their business associates to implement administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect the privacy and security of patients' protected health information (PHI)?
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) includes the Privacy Rule and Security Rule, which mandate safeguards to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of PHI handled by covered entities and their business associates. PCI DSS focuses on payment-card data, SOX addresses financial reporting controls, and GLBA governs the security of consumers' financial information; none of these specifically set nationwide requirements for safeguarding medical records.
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