Containerization allows developers to create containers, which are standardized units that package up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. Virtual machines, on the other hand, include a full copy of an operating system along with the application, which is not as lightweight or portable as containerization. Function as a Service (FaaS) is a cloud computing service that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage application functionalities without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching an app. Hardware security modules are physical devices that safeguard and manage digital keys for strong authentication and provide cryptoprocessing; they do not package applications with their dependencies.