Configuring separate VLANs and matching IP subnets on the existing switch infrastructure isolates traffic at Layers 2-3 using software-defined settings. This is a logical segmentation method because it relies on switch port configuration and IP addressing, not on additional physical hardware or cabling. Installing air-gapped systems, dedicating separate switches/cabling, or running a stand-alone dark-fiber link all require new physical infrastructure and therefore constitute physical segmentation.
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