Salting introduces random data to each password before hashing, which ensures that identical passwords result in different hash values. This protects against rainbow table attacks that rely on precomputed hash values. Steganography hides data within other files, obfuscation makes data difficult to interpret, and tokenization replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents. These methods do not prevent rainbow table attacks on passwords.
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What is a rainbow table attack?
How does salting improve password security?
What are other techniques to protect passwords besides salting?