Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the victim's data and requires payment, often demanded in cryptocurrency, to provide the decryption key. This description matches exactly what ransomware does. A Trojan is a malicious program disguised as legitimate software. A Worm replicates itself to spread to other computers, and a Virus requires user interaction to spread and is not defined by demanding a ransom.
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What is the mechanism behind how ransomware encrypts files?
How do organizations typically protect themselves from ransomware attacks?
What should an organization do if it becomes a victim of ransomware?