What security threat occurs when an attacker exploits insufficient security controls to navigate from the root directory to restricted directories and access files or commands on a web server?
SQL injection
Directory traversal
Cross-site scripting
Buffer overflow
A directory traversal attack, also known as path traversal, involves manipulating variables that reference files with dot-dot-slash (../) sequences and allows an attacker to access restricted directories. This can lead to unauthorized access or execution of files located outside of the intended web server directory. The correct answer specifically refers to the threat that targets restricted directories and files, which is the hallmark of a directory traversal attack.
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