Symmetric encryption uses a single shared secret key for both encryption and decryption. This design makes it computationally efficient but requires a secure method to distribute the key to all parties. In contrast, asymmetric encryption employs two mathematically related keys (a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption), eliminating the need to share the private key but at the cost of higher computational overhead. Statements describing key pairs, elimination of key-exchange requirements, or digital-signature creation refer to asymmetric encryption, not symmetric encryption.
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What is symmetric encryption?
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