The Control Plane is responsible for making access decisions in a Zero Trust model. It analyzes the trustworthiness of entities and enforces established policies to determine whether access should be granted or denied. The Data Plane, in contrast, handles the actual transfer of data and does not make policy-based decisions. Authentication servers and segmentation gateways, while they may contribute to the overall security posture, are not the components responsible for the described decision-making process within the Zero Trust architecture.