Performing passive DNS analysis is one of the passive reconnaissance methods used by security professionals to gather historical DNS query data for a domain without directly engaging with the target's network or systems. This can aid in understanding domain relationships and infrastructure without arousing any alerts. On the other hand, network scanning and crawling a company's website would fall under active reconnaissance as this involves sending traffic to the target's systems and could potentially be detected. Social engineering is the act of manipulating people into revealing confidential information, which could be active or passive, but it does not specifically involve gathering intelligence without direct interaction or without being detected.