During a recent security audit, the IT department mandated that all employees authenticate to corporate workstations by inserting a company-issued smart card into a reader and then entering a personal identification number (PIN). Within the context of multi-factor authentication, the smart card itself satisfies which authentication factor?
A smart card is a physical credential that must be in the user's possession at the moment of logon. Because it is something the user has, it falls under the possession factor in multi-factor authentication. The PIN meets the knowledge factor. Biometrics would cover the inherence factor, and IP-based restrictions map to location.
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