A government agency requires the setup of an ultra-secure communication system for handling top-secret information. Which of the following represents the most appropriate approach to achieve the maximum level of security through physical isolation?
Installing a high-end firewall with strict access control lists.
Using dedicated cabling to connect systems while still being part of the internet.
Setting up the system on a completely air-gapped network.
Creating multiple VLANs to segregate top-secret communication from other data traffic.
Creating an air-gapped network that is not connected to the internet or any other networks is the most secure form of physical isolation. This prevents any form of remote access or cyberattack that depends on network connectivity. Using dedicated cabling still leaves the system connected to external networks; VLANs provide only logical segmentation on shared infrastructure; and firewalls merely filter traffic on connected networks, so none of those options achieve true physical isolation.
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What are VLANs and how do they differ from air-gapped networks?