Answer Description

The attack described is called a Replay or Playback attack. The attacker is able to eavesdrop on network data (through some other method) and is resending the collected network data to gain access to confidential data or to hijack a users session. Aside from ensuring network data is not intercepted, the easiest way to defend against a replay attack is to use encrypted connections (e.g. HTTPS for a website).

Wikipedia

A replay attack (also known as a repeat attack or playback attack) is a form of network attack in which valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and re-transmits it, possibly as part of a spoofing attack by IP packet substitution. This is one of the lower-tier versions of a man-in-the-middle attack. Replay attacks are usually passive in nature. Another way of describing such an attack is: "an attack on a security protocol using a replay of messages from a different context into the intended (or original and expected) context, thereby fooling the honest participant(s) into thinking they have successfully completed the protocol run."