AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer Associate SOA-C03 Practice Question

An operations team receives about 50 000 new objects per minute in an Amazon S3 bucket. A Lambda function must inspect each object's metadata and write an entry to DynamoDB. Some objects occasionally cause processing errors, but the team must ensure that every object is eventually processed without loss, even during traffic surges. Which architecture satisfies these requirements while minimizing operational overhead?

Send S3 ObjectCreated events to Amazon EventBridge and set the Lambda function as a rule target with a dead-letter queue.
Send S3 ObjectCreated events to an Amazon SQS queue that has a dead-letter queue, and configure the Lambda function to poll the queue with a batch size of 10.
Configure an S3 ObjectCreated notification that directly invokes the Lambda function and increase the function's reserved concurrency.
Enable an S3 ObjectCreated notification to an SNS topic and subscribe the Lambda function to the topic.

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Answer Description

Sending S3 ObjectCreated events to an Amazon SQS queue provides durable, at-least-once delivery and effectively buffers sudden traffic spikes. Lambda polls the queue in batches and scales automatically with the backlog. If an invocation fails, the message becomes visible again after the visibility timeout, allowing multiple retry attempts. When the message's receive count exceeds the configured maxReceiveCount, SQS moves it to the dead-letter queue for later analysis, preventing data loss.

Directly invoking Lambda from S3 lacks this buffering and stops after three retries, risking dropped events under high load or persistent errors. Using SNS relies on its built-in retry policy (up to 23 days) but still offers no buffer against concurrency limits and requires additional configuration for a DLQ. EventBridge adds filtering and optional archiving, yet by default drops undelivered events after 24 hours unless a DLQ is configured. SQS therefore remains the simplest and most reliable approach with minimal operational overhead.

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