SMART attributes 5 (Reallocated_Sector_Ct) and 197 (Current_Pending_Sector) track sectors that have already been remapped and sectors that are waiting to be remapped. An increase in either value-especially together with kernel I/O errors-indicates that the physical medium is developing bad sectors and is likely to fail soon. Industry guidance and vendor documentation state that a drive generating SMART alerts or pending-sector counts should be replaced rather than repaired in place. Defragmenting, disabling write caching, or updating controller firmware will not correct defective sectors and may prolong exposure to data loss. Therefore, backing up or cloning the data and replacing the disk (or letting the RAID controller rebuild onto a hot-spare) is the most appropriate immediate action.
Incorrect answers:
Defragmentation only reorganizes files; it does not fix unreadable sectors and risks more errors under heavy I/O.
Updating controller firmware can resolve protocol bugs but will not heal physical defects already reported by the disk.
Disabling write caching or reducing queue depth might mask symptoms temporarily but does nothing to prevent further sector failures.