During a night-shift health check, a server administrator finds that a 12-bay rack server running a hardware-based RAID 6 virtual disk has gone offline. The RAID controller's logs show that bays 1-4 all became "missing" within the same second, while the other eight bays continued to function normally.
Each of the four drives that went missing passes SMART diagnostics when they are connected to an external test jig on another system.
Swapping a known-good drive into any of the first four bays results in the same "drive not present" message.
The internal mini-SAS cable between the RAID controller and the drive cage has been reseated, the controller firmware is current, and the server's power supplies report nominal voltages.
Which of the following is the MOST likely root cause of the outage?
Incompatible firmware versions on the four hard drives
Failure of the disk-cage backplane that serves bays 1-4
A depleted or faulty cache battery on the RAID controller
Corrupted RAID metadata written to the affected disks
Because all drives in one physical section of the chassis disappeared at the exact same time yet test as healthy in another system, the fault must lie in the shared infrastructure that connects those drives to the RAID controller. The only common element is the backplane segment (drive cage PCB) that provides power, SAS signalling and drive-status LEDs for bays 1-4. When a backplane or one of its SAS expander channels fails, every drive attached to that segment is reported as missing even though the media itself is intact.
The other options are less plausible:
A firmware mismatch on the individual disks would affect only those disks, not a whole group of bays, and the drives work fine on another host.
A depleted RAID-controller cache battery can put the virtual disk into write-through mode but does not make a subset of drives disappear.
Corrupt RAID metadata on the disks would mark them foreign or failed, yet the controller would still see the drives physically present.
Therefore, a failed or partially failed drive backplane is the most probable cause.