AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 Practice Question
A fintech company runs its order-management microservices as stateless Amazon ECS services fronted by an Application Load Balancer in us-east-1. Transactional data is stored in an Amazon Aurora MySQL cluster in the same Region. The company's business-continuity policy requires that the application must continue to operate if an entire AWS Region becomes unavailable, with a recovery time objective (RTO) under 60 seconds and a recovery point objective (RPO) under 30 seconds. Additionally, failover must be fully automated with no human intervention, and the solution should avoid the cost of running a fully active/active stack in every Region.
Which architecture meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Migrate the relational schema to Amazon DynamoDB global tables in both Regions and use AWS Database Migration Service continuous replication to keep the tables synchronized; direct the application to the secondary Region during a failure.
Convert the Aurora cluster to an Aurora Global Database and add a secondary Aurora cluster in us-west-2. Use Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller routing controls to automatically promote the secondary cluster and shift traffic when a regional failure is detected.
Enable Aurora Multi-AZ with two readable standbys in us-east-1, replicate automated snapshots to us-west-2, and restore the snapshots into a new Aurora cluster before redeploying the ECS services after an outage.
Create a cross-Region read replica of the Aurora cluster in us-west-2 and configure an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that invokes an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica and update Route 53 DNS records when health checks fail.
Aurora Global Database replicates storage to secondary Regions with a typical replication lag of less than one second, meeting the 30-second RPO. It also supports managed cross-Region failover that typically completes in well under a minute, satisfying the 60-second RTO. By combining it with Route 53 Application Recovery Controller routing controls, failover and DNS redirection can be triggered automatically without operators, achieving the operational-excellence goal.
A cross-Region read replica (distractor) offers a similar RPO but requires manual promotion via control-plane APIs; documented failover times are usually several minutes, so it misses the RTO. Multi-AZ deployments with replicated snapshots (distractor) provide only in-Region HA; restoring from snapshots after a regional outage far exceeds both RTO and RPO. Migrating to DynamoDB global tables (distractor) could achieve the objectives, but re-architecting the relational workload and running fully active resources in multiple Regions would significantly increase cost and complexity, violating the cost-effectiveness constraint.
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What is an Aurora Global Database, and how does it assist with RTO and RPO?
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Why isn't a cross-Region read replica sufficient for this scenario?
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AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02
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