AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 Practice Question
A financial-services company runs its payment-processing application in the us-east-1 Region. The stack consists of an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets behind an internal Application Load Balancer and an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster deployed across two Availability Zones.
Business continuity requirements
RPO must be ≤ 60 seconds.
RTO must be ≤ 15 minutes after a Regional failure.
Ongoing infrastructure cost must be kept as low as possible.
Which disaster-recovery architecture meets these requirements with the lowest recurring cost?
Migrate to an Aurora PostgreSQL Global Database with a secondary cluster in us-west-2. Pre-create the VPC, subnets, load balancer, launch template, and an Auto Scaling group in us-west-2 with desired capacity set to 0, and use Amazon Route 53 failover routing with health checks to promote the secondary cluster and direct traffic during a Regional outage.
Enable cross-Region automated backups for the Aurora cluster to us-west-2 and use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy the full application stack there only after a disaster is declared.
Keep the existing Multi-AZ Aurora cluster and use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the EC2 instances to us-west-2, launching them on demand. Use Route 53 failover routing to point traffic to the recovered instances if us-east-1 fails.
Create a cross-Region Aurora read replica in us-west-2 and promote it to a standalone instance. Run an equal number of EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer in both Regions and use Route 53 latency-based routing for active-active operation.
Aurora Global Database replicates storage to secondary Regions with typical cross-Region latency below 1 second and can promote a secondary cluster in well under a minute, providing an RPO of about 1 second and an RTO of under a minute for the database layer. By pre-creating the network, load balancer, and launch template in the secondary Region and leaving the Auto Scaling group's desired capacity at 0, compute costs are almost zero until a failover is initiated; launching new instances and switching Route 53 health-check-based failover fits comfortably within the 15-minute RTO.
Cross-Region automated backups only let you restore from snapshots, so the RPO is several minutes and the restore process typically takes hours-far outside the stated objectives. Keeping the Aurora cluster Multi-AZ in a single Region protects only against an Availability Zone failure, and using AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery for EC2 does not protect the database. Running full active resources in two Regions with a promoted cross-Region read replica meets the objectives but doubles compute cost, violating the "lowest cost" requirement. Therefore, the Aurora Global Database plus pilot-light compute approach is the only solution that satisfies all constraints.
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What is an Aurora PostgreSQL Global Database and how does it ensure low latency replication?
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