AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02 Practice Question
A company runs containerized microservices in Amazon ECS on EC2 capacity that spans two Availability Zones in a single VPC. All tasks reside in private subnets and call several external SaaS APIs over the public internet. Outbound traffic is routed through a single NAT gateway that is deployed in a public subnet in us-east-1a. When an Availability Zone outage affected us-east-1a, the NAT gateway became unreachable and the application experienced a full outage. You must eliminate this single point of failure while keeping the workloads in private subnets and minimizing ongoing operational effort. Which change will MOST effectively meet these requirements?
Create a NAT gateway in the second Availability Zone and update each private subnet's route table to send 0.0.0.0/0 traffic to the NAT gateway in the same AZ.
Attach an internet gateway directly to the private subnets and add a default route for outbound traffic.
Replace the NAT gateway with a NAT instance that is part of an Auto Scaling group configured to launch one instance per Availability Zone.
Enable cross-zone load balancing on the existing Application Load Balancer and register targets in both Availability Zones.
A NAT gateway is an AZ-scoped managed service; if the AZ that hosts the gateway fails, resources in other AZs lose connectivity. AWS recommends creating a separate NAT gateway in each Availability Zone and configuring each subnet to use the NAT gateway in its own AZ. This removes the single point of failure and provides zone-independent egress with no additional maintenance. Enabling cross-zone load balancing improves inbound traffic distribution but does not fix outbound egress. Replacing the gateway with NAT instances would still require custom scripts to manage failover and route updates, increasing operational burden. Routing private subnets directly to an internet gateway would violate security best practices by exposing the tasks to unsolicited inbound traffic.
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AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02
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