Which statement best explains why screening clients for genetic predispositions to disease is an important component of preventive care?
A negative screening result eliminates the need for further health-promotion counseling for the client.
Screening is useful only after clinical signs and symptoms of the disease have appeared.
It enables early interventions such as targeted surveillance, prophylactic treatment, or lifestyle changes that can reduce disease morbidity and mortality.
It guarantees that every person who carries a pathogenic variant will inevitably develop the associated disease.
Screening identifies people who carry pathogenic variants, allowing clinicians to initiate early, evidence-based interventions such as enhanced surveillance (e.g., annual MRI for BRCA carriers), prophylactic surgery, risk-reducing medications, and targeted lifestyle counseling. These actions can substantially lower disease incidence, detect disease at earlier stages, and reduce mortality. By contrast, a positive result does not mean the disease is certain, a negative result does not negate the need for routine health promotion, and waiting for symptoms defeats the purpose of prevention.
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What are some examples of genetic predisposition that can be screened for?
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