Which of the following statements accurately describes one of the certifications an attorney or unrepresented party makes under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(b) when presenting a pleading, motion, or other paper to a federal court?
The signer has met and conferred with opposing counsel at least 14 days before filing the document.
The document has been verified under oath by every party named in the pleading.
The document certifies that it complies with all state procedural rules that would apply in the absence of diversity jurisdiction.
The document is not being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase the cost of litigation.
Rule 11(b)(1) requires the signer to certify that the document is not presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly increase litigation costs. There is no Rule 11 requirement to meet and confer with opposing counsel before filing, to verify the document under oath, or to certify compliance with state procedural rules. Those statements therefore do not describe Rule 11 certifications and are incorrect.
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