The state of Verde, famous for its apple orchards, enacts a law requiring all apples sold within the state to be packaged in a new type of expensive, biodegradable container. The stated purpose of the law is to promote environmental sustainability. The only manufacturer of these approved containers is a company located in Verde. An out-of-state apple cooperative, which sells a significant volume of apples in Verde, challenges the law, arguing that the cost of complying with the new packaging requirement is prohibitive and will force them to abandon the Verde market.
Is the state law likely constitutional?
Yes, because the law promotes a legitimate local interest in environmental protection, which is within the state's police powers.
Yes, because the law applies equally to all apple sellers and is rationally related to a legitimate health and safety interest.
No, because the law explicitly discriminates against out-of-state economic interests.
No, because while the law is facially neutral, the burden it imposes on interstate commerce likely outweighs the local benefits.
The correct answer is no, because the burden imposed on interstate commerce likely outweighs the state's interest in promoting its environmental goals, especially if less restrictive alternatives are available. This analysis falls under the Dormant Commerce Clause. While the law is facially neutral-it applies to both in-state and out-of-state apple sellers-it imposes a significant burden on interstate commerce. Courts would apply the balancing test from Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., which weighs the local benefits against the burden on interstate commerce. Given that the packaging is expensive and sourced from a single in-state company, and that it may force out-of-state competitors from the market, a court would likely find the burden on commerce to be 'clearly excessive' in relation to the 'putative local benefits', rendering the law unconstitutional.
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Multistate Bar Examination
Constitutional Law
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