O conveys Blackacre "to Anna, but if Anna uses the property for commercial purposes, then to Ben." Which of the following best describes the estate that Anna receives?
Fee simple absolute
Fee simple subject to an executory limitation
Fee simple determinable
Fee simple subject to a condition subsequent
Anna holds a fee simple subject to an executory limitation. The grant includes conditional language ("but if") followed by a future interest in a third party (Ben). Upon the stated condition's occurrence, title automatically shifts to Ben. Because the future interest is in someone other than the grantor, the estate cannot be a fee simple determinable (which would leave a possibility of reverter in the grantor) or a fee simple subject to a condition subsequent (which would leave a right of entry in the grantor). It is also not a fee simple absolute because it is defeasible.
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