In a dispute over a real-estate transaction, the seller offers a scanned copy of the signed purchase agreement after acknowledging that the paper original still exists but is stored off-site. The buyer objects, insisting that only the original document is admissible. Under the best evidence rule, when may the court admit the scanned copy?
When no genuine question is raised about the original's authenticity and admitting the duplicate would not be unfair.
Only when the original has been lost or destroyed and cannot be obtained.
Only if both parties formally stipulate that the scan is accurate.
Only when the duplicate is accompanied by a sworn affidavit describing the copying process and chain of custody.
Under Federal Rule of Evidence 1003, a duplicate-including a digital scan-is admissible to the same extent as the original unless a genuine question is raised about the original's authenticity or the circumstances would make its use unfair. Because neither condition applies here, the court may admit the scanned copy. Requiring loss or destruction of the original, party stipulations, or additional sworn documents is not necessary under the rule.
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