Emily is a personal trainer who frequently adjusts her clients' postures to enhance their workouts. During a session, she places a client’s arm in a position that causes discomfort, leading to a minor injury. The client sues Emily for battery. Which defense is most likely available to Emily?
The correct defense is Consent. By engaging in a personal training session, the client implicitly consents to reasonable physical contact necessary for effective training. Since the contact was part of the agreed-upon services, Emily is likely protected by this defense. The other options do not apply because there was no immediate threat requiring self-defense, no property protection involved, and no action to defend another person.
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What does it mean to give consent in a personal training context?
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What constitutes reasonable physical contact in personal training?
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What are other possible defenses Emily could consider in a battery claim?