Which open-standard first hop redundancy protocol, defined in RFC 5798, allows multiple routers to share a virtual IP and MAC address so that hosts keep forwarding traffic even if the master router fails?
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is an IETF-standard FHRP (RFC 5798) that lets two or more routers form a virtual default gateway. One router (the master) actively forwards traffic; if it goes down, another router in the group automatically takes over using the same virtual IP/MAC, so end-station traffic continues uninterrupted.
HSRP provides the same function but is Cisco-proprietary, so it is not the correct choice when the question specifies an open standard. RIP and EIGRP are dynamic routing protocols that exchange route information but do not offer default-gateway redundancy.
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