The correct answer is 'To prevent switching loops in a broadcast domain'. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is essential in a layered network to prevent loops, which can create broadcast storms and destabilize network communications. While improving performance and expanding network coverage are beneficial outcomes of many network protocols, they are not the primary functions of the spanning tree protocol. As for managing collision domains, that is primarily addressed by switching devices and protocols at a different layer.
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What is a switching loop and why is it problematic?
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What is a broadcast domain and how does STP interact with it?